The latest beta of Apple‘s iOS 17.5 software arrives with a new feature – the ability for users in the European Union to install apps directly from websites, a process known as sideloading. This is a monumental shift for Apple, which has long resisted allowing such practices on its tightly controlled iOS platform.

The move comes as a result of pressure from EU regulators and the Digital Markets Act, legislation aimed at promoting competition and reining in the dominance of Big Tech giants like Apple. While Apple had fiercely opposed such measures, citing security concerns, it ultimately acquiesced, paving the way for this unprecedented change.

With iOS 17.5, EU users will be able to sideload apps from developer websites, much like they can on Mac computers. However, the process won’t be as simple as clicking a link – Apple has implemented several safeguards to ensure users’ security and privacy aren’t compromised.

According to Apple’s newly released support documents, the first time a user attempts to download an app from a website, they’ll be prompted to explicitly grant permission and authenticate the developer. This initial step is designed to prevent accidental or malicious installations.

Once a developer is approved, subsequent downloads from their website will require fewer steps, streamlining the process for users. Apple emphasizes that it will conduct basic security and safety checks on all sideloaded apps, though the scope of these checks remains unclear.

Limitations and rules for developers

While Apple is allowing web distribution in the EU, it isn’t granting developers free rein. There are several notable limitations and requirements:

1. Exclusivity: Developers can only offer their own apps through web distribution – they cannot host or sell apps from other companies. This effectively prevents the creation of alternative app stores.
2. Geographical restrictions: Only developers based in the EU are eligible for web distribution on iOS.
3. Local laws: Developers must comply with all applicable local laws and regulations, including handling governmental takedown requests for their apps.
4. Apple’s Core Technology Fee (CTF): Like developers using third-party app stores, those distributing via websites will be subject to Apple’s controversial Core Technology Fee, in which “developers will pay a CTF of €0.50 for each first annual install over one million in the past 12 months.”

It’s no secret that Apple has been a staunch opponent of sideloading on iOS, citing concerns over user security and the potential for malware to proliferate. The company has long touted its “walled garden” approach as a key selling point, offering a curated and secure app ecosystem.

However, the EU’s Digital Markets Act, which aims to promote competition and curb anti-competitive practices, left Apple with little choice but to acquiesce. The company now finds itself navigating uncharted territory, balancing its commitment to security with the demands of regulators and the promise of increased consumer choice.